Coronary Artery Disease

Overview

Coronary artery disease is a common heart condition that develops gradually over time. If you have it, it is important to take it seriously, as it can affect how well blood flows to your heart and increase the risk of complications such as a heart attack.

The condition affects the blood vessels that supply your heart with oxygen-rich blood. Over time, these vessels can become narrowed due to a build-up of fatty deposits, known as plaque. As the arteries narrow, less blood reaches your heart, especially during physical activity or stress.

You may not notice symptoms at first, but the condition can progress quietly. Without proper care, it can lead to more serious problems. The good news is that with early detection, regular monitoring, and the right treatment, coronary artery disease can be managed effectively, helping you stay active and reduce your long-term risk.

Symptoms

You may not notice symptoms in the early stages. As the condition progresses, you might begin to experience:

• Chest discomfort, often described as pressure, tightness, or heaviness
• Pain that may spread to your arm, neck, jaw, or back
• Shortness of breath, especially during activity
• Feeling more tired than usual during routine tasks

In some cases, the first sign may be more serious, such as a heart attack. This is why it is important to pay attention to any new or unusual symptoms, especially those linked to physical activity.

Causes & Risk Factors

Coronary artery disease usually develops over time and is often linked to a combination of lifestyle factors and underlying health conditions. You may be at higher risk if you:

• Have high blood pressure
• Have high cholesterol levels
• Smoke or have a history of smoking
• Have diabetes
• Are physically inactive or overweight
• Have a family history of heart disease
• Are getting older

These factors can gradually damage the inner lining of your arteries, making it easier for plaque to build up and reduce blood flow.

When to Seek Care

It is a good idea to seek medical advice if you:

• Notice chest discomfort, especially during activity or stress
• Experience shortness of breath that is new or worsening
• Feel unusually tired without a clear reason
• Have known risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, or high cholesterol
• Have a family history of heart disease

Emergency Symptoms

Prevention

There are practical steps you can take to reduce your risk or slow the progression of coronary artery disease:

• Choose a balanced diet with less saturated fat and fewer processed foods
• Stay physically active with regular exercise
• Maintain a healthy body weight
• Avoid smoking
• Manage conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol
• Attend regular health check-ups

Diagnostics Used

If coronary artery disease is suspected, your care team will assess both your symptoms and how well your heart is functioning.

• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Blood Tests
• Stress Testing
• Echocardiography (ECHO)
• Cardiac Imaging

Support Services

Managing coronary artery disease is an ongoing process, and you do not have to manage it alone. You can benefit from:

• Personalised care plans guided by cardiology specialists
• Nutrition and lifestyle counselling
• Cardiac rehabilitation programmes
• Regular follow-up visits to monitor your progress
• Support in managing related conditions such as hypertension and diabetes

This coordinated approach helps you stay informed, supported, and in control of your health.

FAQs